Jicarita Peak: Source of Contested Waters


As we started hiking to Jicarita Peak, the 8th-highest mountain in New Mexico, we crossed this acequia (drainage ditch) that captures rainwater and snowmelt flowing down the slopes behind it from the summit of the Sangre de Cristo mountains (we're crossing it here at 10,500 feet). It moves this captured water sideways to the east, out if its natural path to the Rio Pueblo that flows west past the Picuris Pueblo River on its way to the Rio Grande River.

Instead, these diverted waters are carried about four miles to the east, to the top of the Rio Pueblo watershed and beyond, where they are allowed to fall down the eastern slope of the mountains to irrigate farmers' fields in the Mora Valley below. The Mora River then flows east to the Mississippi River via the Canadian and Arkansas Rivers.

This acequia was built between 1879 and 1882 by some of the earliest settlers in the Mora Valley. In 1882, residents of the Picuris Pueblo sued the settlers for diverting water – that had been following the natural drainage, flowing west to them – without their permission.

The lawsuit languished until 1885 when it was derailed by the notorious Thomas Catron, a politician and lawyer who was the leader of the "Santa Fe Ring." This was a group of powerful Anglo lawyers and land speculators that amassed a fortune through political corruption and fraudulent land deals. They gained ownership of vast tracts of land that they had used traditionally by Native Americans, and in held in common by Hispanic settlers, for centuries. At the time he got the lawsuit dismissed, Catron had acquired title to the northern part of the Mora Land Grant common lands, which he subsequently sold to outside investors.

Today, 140 years later, the members of the Picuris Pueblo are fighting to get their water rights back and end this diversion that deprives them of as much as 15 to 20 percent of the water that would normally flow to their Pueblo – water that is in short supply as their wells are drying up, and leaving them without water for irrigation and livestock. Ironically, Picuris is having to buy water from the Mora Valley to augment its supplies. 

Serpent Lake, at the base of Jicarita Peak, is a source of the waters that are captured by the Rito Angostura acequia shown in the previous photo.

We hiked up 2,500 feet, from just below the acequia to the summit of Jicarita Peak, which is on the ridge on the left side of this photo. Note the cloudburst, in the distance, dumping rain on the Mora Valley at the center of this photo.

Our hike took us into the northern edge of the Pecos Wilderness.

Snowmelt and rainwater from Jacarita Peak above emerges in this spring, just below the summit.

The waters flowing from this spring run down to Alamitos Creek. That creek is entirely diverted by the same acequia system we crossed near our trailhead, built in the late 1880s to divert waters east to the Mora Valley.

There were wildflowers by the spring – cream colored Indian Paintbrush in the foreground.

We reached the ridgeline that forms the divide at 12,400 feet between the Mora Valley and the Great Plains in front of us (to the east), and the Santa Barbara watershed (behind us, to the west). Santa Barbara Creek runs north-south through the center of this part of the Sangre de Cristo mountain range. The Truchas Peaks are on the horizon. South Truchas Peak (13,108) is the second highest mountain in New Mexico.

There are expansive views looking south along the flat, alpine meadows that form the top of the eastern Santa Barbara Divide. The Divide Trail follows this ridgeline south, until the divide curves to the right and forms the east-west divide separating the headwaters of Santa Barbara Creek, to the north, from the headwaters of the Pecos River to the south.

We met a couple of guys who were setting out on a six-day backpack trip down the Divide Trail to where it meets the Skyline Trail, which follows the east-west part of the Santa Barbara divide and then continues south to the Santa Fe Ski Area - all in the Pecos Wilderness.

Approaching Jicarita Peak on the Divide Trail.

Looking south down to the Divide Trail from Jicarita Peak.

Looking south, nearing the 12,835-foot summit of Jicarita Peak. Rocks like the one at left are propped up to form cairns that mark the path to the summit.

Enjoying a comfortable rock shelter on the summit of Jicarita Peak.

We headed back down from the divide as thunderstorms let loose over the Mora Valley in front of us.

8/9/20 with Cynthia McKinney and Emily Garcia

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

San Ysidro Anticline: Where the Colorado Plateau Meets the Rio Grande Rift

Image
We're about to hike along the south rim of what geologists call the San Ysidro anticline, or alternatively the Tierra Amarilla anticline. Trail bikers call it the White Ridge . Millions of years ago, things looked quite different here: we're peering into a valley that was a ridge, not a low point. The peak of the ridge followed the center of the valley you see here - so the highest part of that ridge is now the lowest part of today's valley. Geologists call this "inverted topography": the highest parts of the land have been transformed into the lowest parts. How did that happen? The rock layer that covered the top of the ridge was made of shale, limestone, and gypsum. You can see the white gypsum on the trail at the edges of this photo (geologists call it the Tonque Arroyo Member). This hard rock cover was eroded off the top of the ridge by wind, precipitation, and freezing and thawing. As it wore away, much softer sandstones, mudstones, and siltstones beneath ...
Read more

Arroyo Negro Pueblo: In My Backyard

Image
For several years, I tried to pin down the location of the site of a 1,000-year-old Pueblo village that was supposed to be near my home. Eventually I found it, just 600 feet from my backdoor, on top of the ridge that you see in the background of this photo. This view of the ridge that climbs about 100 feet above my house is looking from the rooftop of my house, and my neighbors' houses. This pueblo was first excavated by archaeologists in the 1920s, who named it the Arroyo Negro Pueblo. It is considered perhaps the best mapped, although least described, of the Santa Fe River pueblo sites from the Late Development period. Wood cores were taken from structural support timbers of the buildings in 1934 to do tree ring dating. The Ancestral Puebloans spent 50 years constructing seven buildings up there, from the years 1050 to 1100. The buildings consisted of anywhere from 2 to 25 rooms. Alongside most of the buildings, on the side facing the Santa Fe River, was a round, free-stand...
Read more

Hiking to the Mouth of the Gila Box

Image
We watched the Gila River flow at The Nature Conservancy's (TNC) Lichty Ecological Research Center, four miles south of where it emerges from the Mogollon Range (in the background), and the rugged Gila Wilderness. The TNC's Gila Riparian Preserve here protects more than 1,200 acres of fragile Southwest riparian habitat and verdant gallery woodland along the Gila River, the last of the Southwest's major free-flowing rivers. The Gila is a rare example of a river with a natural pattern of flows that are unimpeded by dams. They range from winter floods to snowmelt run-off and low flows in spring. A variety of native plants and animals have adapted to these seasonal pulses of flooding and drought, including a number of endangered species.  Two-and-a-half miles upstream from the Lichty Center, we set out to hike to the mouth of the box canyon where the Gila River exits the mountainous Gila Wilderness: the world's first designated wilderness area and New Mexico's largest....
Read more